What Is Zooplankton, or Animal Plankton

There are two basic forms of plankton: zooplankton and phytoplankton. Zooplankton (also known as animal plankton) can be found in both saltwater and freshwater. There are estimated to be over 30,000 species of zooplankton. Ocean Plankton Ocean plankton are, for the most part, at the mercy of the vital forces of the seas. Having little or no powers of mobility, plankton  are either too small to compete against ocean currents, waves, and wind conditions, or when large—as in the case of many jellyfish—lacking in sufficient propulsion to initiate movement on their own.   Fast Facts: Zooplankton Etymology The word  plankton  is derived from the Greek word  planktos,  meaning wanderer or drifter.  Zooplankton incorporates the Greek word  zoion, meaning animal.   Types and Classifications of Zooplankton Some species of zooplankton are born as plankton and remain so for their entire lives. These organisms are known as holoplankton and include such tiny species as copepods, hyperiids, and euphausids. Meroplankton, on the other hand, are species that begin life in a larval form and progress through a series of life stages to evolve into gastropods, crustaceans, and fish. Zooplankton may be classified according to their size or by the length of time they are planktonic (largely immobile).  Some terms that are used to refer to plankton include: Microplankton:  Organisms  2-20  µm in size which includes some copepods and other zooplankton.Mesoplankton:  Organisms  200  µm-2 mm in size, which includes larval crustaceans.Macroplankton:  Organisms 2-20  mm in size, which includes euphausiids (such as krill), an important food source for many organisms, including baleen whales.  Micronekton:  Organisms 20-200 mm in size, which includes some euphausiids and cephalopods.Megaloplankton:  Planktonic organisms greater than 200 mm in size, which includes jellyfish and salps.Holoplankton:  Organisms that are planktonic throughout their entire lives, such as copepods.  Meroplankton:  Organisms that have a planktonic stage, but mature out of it, such as some fish and crustaceans.   Zooplanktons Place in the Food Web Marine zooplankton are consumers. Rather than getting nutrition from sunlight and nutrients via photosynthesis like phytoplankton, they must consume other organisms in order to survive.  Zooplankton may also be carnivorous, omnivorous, or detrivorous  (feeding on waste).   Many species of zooplankton live in the euphotic zone of the ocean—the depths at which sunlight can penetrate—feeding on phytoplankton. The food web begins with the phytoplankton, which are primary producers. Phytoplankton convert  inorganic substances including energy from the sun and nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate into organic substances. The phytoplankton, in turn, are eaten by zooplankton, who are consumed by ocean creatures ranging in size from smaller fish and gastropods to gigantic whales.   The days for many species of zooplankton often involve vertical migration—ascending toward the ocean surface in the morning when phytoplankton are more plentiful, and descending at night to escape predation. Since zooplankton generally comprise the second step in a food web in which they dwell, this daily ascent and descent has an impact on the rest of the species they feed on, and in turn, those that feed on them. Zooplankton Reproduction Zooplankton may reproduce sexually or asexually, depending upon species.  Asexual reproduction is more common for holoplankton and can be accomplished  through cell division, in which one cell divides in half to produce two cells, and so on.   Sources Harris, R., Wiebe, P., enz, J., Skjoldal, H-R., and M. Huntley.   ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual. Marine Education Society of Australasia. Zooplankton. Morrissey, J.F. and J.L. Sumich. 2012. Introduction to the Biology of Marine Life, Tenth Edition. Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC.  467pp.Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.  Jellyfish and Other Zooplankton.  Accessed May 30, 2014.   Census of Marine Zooplankton  Zooplankton. Center for Coastal Studies Provincetown.

Gay Marriage Position Paper - 992 Words

Position Paper: Should Gay Marriage be Legalized? In America, marriage has been traditionally defined as a legally recognized commitment between a man and a woman as their ultimate expression of love. Throughout recent years, homosexual relationships have become more accepted than ever before in our country. â€Å"Civil unions,† or ceremonies celebrating the affirmation of same-sex partnerships, have become available to gay and lesbian couples, though they undeniably are not the same thing as marriages. Much national debate has risen over whether gays should be legally allowed to marry rather than be forced to have civil unions. I personally believe that gay marriage should not be legalized because it would undermine the term†¦show more content†¦Studies show that homosexuals, for a variety of reasons, have life expectancies of approximately 20 years less than the general population. (BalancedPolitics.org). HPV, Hepatitis A, B, and C, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, â€Å"Gay Bowel Syndrome,† and HIV/AIDS have all been found to be more prevalent in homosexual than heterosexual men, while lesbian women have a higher prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis, Hepatitis C, HIV risk behaviors, and cancer risk factors such as smoking, poor diet, and obesity compared to heterosexual women. Homosexuals also have more mental health problems such as alcohol and drug abuse, Nicotine dependence, depression, and suicide. It has also been proven that these problems do not result from discrimination from the heterosexual majority, because areas with more tolerance of homosexual relationships were found to have higher rates of physical and mental health problems, suggesting that the real problem lies in the homosexual lifestyle itself. (Sprigg 87). Just as unhealthy lifestyles of smoking and drinking should be discouraged, so should homosexuality. When we make members of our society physically and mentally unhealthy, we continue to further weaken our country. All things considered, there is just no way that the legalization of gay marriage could be beneficial to our country, and for this reason I doShow MoreRelatedPosition Paper-Gay Marriage1469 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage. When most people think of an ideal â€Å"marriage†, a man and a woman sharing vows and devoting their lives to each other is what is pictured. Well, this is only 100 percent true in most cases. Today’s society has accumulated different types of marriages: a marriage between a man and a woman, between a man and a man, or between a woman and a woman. Though each of these unions may not all be legal in each of the 50 states, couples still proceed with the ceremonies. I feel as though thereRead MoreFeminism Of A Post Feminist Period Essay1692 Words   |  7 PagesPosition paper 1. 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Taybeh Brewing Company Free Essays

†¢Joint venture with Jordan †¢Sales promotion such as T- shirts, pens, caps †¢Beer festival †¢Sponsor a local team †¢Organize camps for people. TBC can make a joint venture with a company in Jordan, as that would bring down the import tax considerably. This way it can enter the Jordan market with lower prices and higher profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Taybeh Brewing Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now To improve the sales within Palestine, it can market its product by distributing sales promotion items such as bottle openers, t- shirts, caps, pens and so. This marketing skill would not cost a lot to the company but is very effective. The beer festival â€Å" oktoberfest† is celebrated in Palestine by TBC. This should be continued for a lot of years ahead and all the local people and tourists should be given free beer. This way it will become a tradition in few years and TBC will have a lasting impression in everyone’s mind TBC can also be the sponsor for a local sports team. As for me in UK all I know about Aon is only through MANU. A lot of people get attracted towards sporting events and thereby this should help the company in a good way if they have their name up on one of the local teams. Palestine is a developing country and lot of riots have been happening in the country from few years. If the camps are organised for the needy people where basic requirements such as food and shelter are provided then it would help build public relations. How to cite Taybeh Brewing Company, Papers

Usage And Value Of ICT In A Daily Operations Of A Travel Company

Question: Discuss about the Usage And Value Of ICT In A Daily Operations Of A Travel Company. Answer: Usage and value of ICT in a travel company Development in the field of ICT (information communications technology) has deeply impacted the way tourism or travel businesses organizations performed their different activities and operations. If we consider the reservations or bookings by a tours and travels company, the computerised reservation systems have made it easy to store and retrieve the customer informations for making the reservations. Use of flight tracking system in order to stream line processes: This type of ICT technology is used by the travel organizations to manage as well as monitor the travel details of the specific tour package softwares like RadarBox24, Plane Finder, Flight Stats.com are useful in tracing the schedules and details. On the other hand, the use of different tools like dynamic packaging is used by the organizations in order to provide the freedom to the customers to develop a self-made package other than the predetermined packages. Use of the biometric passport is also used by the travel organizations for the identification of the traveller through the containing biometric information of a specific traveller (Standing, Tang-Taye Boyer, 2014). GDS (Global Distribution System) is another technology that makes the operations of a travel agency much easier (Neuhofer, Buhalis Ladkin 2014). GDS is helpful in forming a linkage between the different service providers with the company in the travel industry, for example, aircrafts, car rental organizations and empowering automated transactions between both the parties. Using the latest and improved ICT tools the travel companies can upgrade the level of collaboration between the travel organization and different service providers in the industry; pre-planning with specific service providers (hotel booking, car rental) no longer essential for the companies; The Web is helpful for the organizations to distinguish choices, empowering holiday packages to be developed; Us of the new technologies provides the organization better negotiation power for the services to be bought or collaborated with service providers and customization of those services. References Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., Ladkin, A. (2014). A typology of technology?enhanced tourism experiences. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 340-350. Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J. P., Boyer, M. (2014). The impact of the Internet in travel and tourism: A research review 20012010.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,31(1), 82-113. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, 244-249.