A Method of Doubt and Descartes Essay - 3440 Words

A Method of Doubt and Descartes In his first meditation, Descartes sets out with amazing clarity and persistence to clear himself of every false idea that he has acquired previous to this, and determine what he truly knows. To rid him of these rotten apples he has developed a method of doubt with a goal to construct a set of beliefs on foundations which are indubitable. On these foundations, Descartes applies three levels of skepticism, which in turn, generate three levels at which our thoughts may be deceived by error. Descartes states quite explicitly in the synopsis, that we can doubt all things which are material as long as we have no foundations for the sciences other than those which we have had up till now(synopsis:12). This†¦show more content†¦3. It is wise not to trust anything that has been deceiving in the past 4. Therefore, it is possible to be mistaken about everything. In premise one his beliefs are derived from the senses, such as he sees that he has a paper in his hand and concludes that i t is a paper, and what is meant by through the senses, is that his beliefs may have been based on others sense experience. All Descartes requires for the second premise is the possibility that he may have been deceived, for if he cannot decide which is wrong, than he must not have any knowledge. This leads to the third premise where it seems at least reasonable to assume, that if one has been deceived previously, there is no absolute assurance that it is presently correct. Therefore, there is a chance of being deceived about everything. But many critics will argue that several of these false percepts can be corrected by means of alternative senses, such as he bent stick in water example. Although our sight may be tricked into thinking that the mirage exists, by using the sense of touch we can correct this falseness, and uncover what truly exists. Descartes does retreat, and assess the damage from his first level by saying, there are many other beliefs about which doubt is quite impo ssible, even though they are derived from the senses-for example, that I am here, sitting by the fire, wearing a winter dressing gown.. (1:18[12]). Here even he objects to the validity of hisShow MoreRelatedDescartes Method Of Doubt Essay1881 Words   |  8 PagesQuestion: Describe Descartes’ â€Å"method of doubt.† What beliefs does Descartes think survive his method of doubt? Do you agree with his arguments? Renà © Descartes (1556-1650) considered a rationalist claims that before we can describe reality or what it means to exist, one must know what reality and existence is. Descartes proposed that it is pointless to claim something is real without justification. However for something to be justified it must be also be indubitable. In [Renà © Descartes, Meditation IRead MoreDescartes Method Of Radical Doubt1819 Words   |  8 PagesDescartes’ method of radical doubt focuses upon finding the truth about certain things from a philosophical perspective in order to truly lay down a foundation for ideas that have the slightest notion of doubt attached to them. He believed that there was â€Å"no greater task to perform in philosophy, than assiduously to seek out, once and for all, the best of all these arguments and to lay them out so precisely and plainly that henceforth all will take them to be true demonstrations† (Meditations, 36)Read More Descartes Method of Doubt Essay2 584 Words   |  11 PagesDescartes Method of Doubt In this essay I will assess Descartess employment of his Method of Doubt, as presented in his Meditations on the First Philosophy [Descartes 1641]. I will argue that by implicitly accepting a causal model of perception, Descartes did not apply the Method of Doubt as fully as he could have. The Method of Doubt Descartess principal task in the Meditations was to devise a system that would bring him to the truth. He wanted to build a foundational philosophy;Read MoreDescarte and Pierce Essay examples1350 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes and Peirce both believe in belief and doubt. However, Peirce argument and determination to find a solution to overcome doubt is much stronger than Descartes’. Peirce also makes it known that he is aware of belief in which Descartes does not. Their beliefs result from the notion of clear and distinct ideas. Peirce and Descartes are both rationalists who believe that there is an independent truth and they know it when they see it. The problem that exists is that Descartes and Peirce realizeRead MoreDescartes : Synopsis Of Meditations 1987 Words   |  4 Pages Descartes: Synopsis of meditations 1, 2, 3 (p530-546) In what follows, I will summarize and come up with some explications to the first three meditations covered by Descartes. The first deals with the method of doubt, the second deals with the human mind and body, and finally the third with the existence of God. I will summarize these parts separately, in that order. In the first meditation, the meditator, who’s Descartes, introduces us with â€Å"the method of doubt†. What is the method of doubtRead MoreA Brief Look at the Philosophy of Descartes Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Descartes created the Method of Doubt his main mission was to develop a method that would bring him to the real truth. It was important that his initial beliefs were absolute. If any of them were in doubt, then it put the entire structure of knowledge at risk. Thus, Descartes developed a method to get rid of those beliefs of which he could not be completely being confident in them. This process is called the Method of Doubt. The first action to do while using the Method of Doubt is using theRead MoreEssay about Descartes discourse on method931 Words   |  4 Pages Understanding Descartes’ Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes’ method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate â€Å"for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought.† (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplishRead MoreDescartes Discourse on Method931 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Descartes Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought. (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplishRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy 1399 Words   |  6 PagesEssay 1 Rene Descartes was born in in La Haye, France, in 1596 and he studied at La Fleche Jesuit College and University of Poitiers. Descartes also lived in Germany, Holland and Sweden. He then worked in the army as a private councillor and then as a court philosopher. Descartes book ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’ was first published in 1641. The edition used to write this essay was edited by John Cottingham and was published by the Cambridge University Press in 1996. Descartes was the firstRead MoreDiscourse on Descartes Skeptical Method1672 Words   |  7 PagesSebastian Gumina Paper Topic #1 Descartes’ Skeptical Method Descartes’ method offers definitive conclusions on certain topics, (his existence, the existence of God)but his reasoning is not without error. He uses three arguments to prove existence (His and God’s) that attempt to solidify his conclusions. For his method to function seamlessly, Descartes needs to be consistent in his use of the method, that is, he must continue to doubt and challenge thoughts that originate in his own

Cultural Differences in Communication Essay - 1402 Words

The term â€Å"culture† refers to the complex accumulation of knowledge, folklore, language, rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes, beliefs, and customs that link and provide a general identity to a group of people. Cultures take a long time to develop. There are many things that establish identity give meaning to life, define what one becomes, and how one should behave. Distribution and exercise of power shape attitudes towards authority. How people sustain themselves economically, and how they manage to obtain the necessities of life, determines assigned roles of individuals and the relationships among them. Physical surroundings of people help define the nature, intensity, and longevity of their values. A wealth of resources†¦show more content†¦It can be terrifying to deal with other people if one does not know what to expect. There is often fear surrounding different cultures, we wonder what manners are acceptable. Is there something that will offend ano ther from a decidedly different culture? The way people communicate varies considerably between, and within, cultures and different norms regarding the appropriate level of assertiveness in communicating can add to cultural misunderstandings. One aspect of communication style is language usage, across cultures, some phrases and words are used in different ways. Additionally, body language or nonverbal communication is an essential part of how people communicate, and there are differences from culture to culture. Hand and arm gestures, touch, and eye contact or lack thereof, are a few of the aspects of nonverbal communication. Another aspect of communication style is the amount of importance given to non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions and gestures, personal distance, and sense of time. It is no surprise that people have difficulties understanding and communicating with one another due to different cultural customs and experiences, and these differences cause miscommunication. Communication is a complex system of comprehensive interaction where meaning isShow MoreRelatedCross Cultural Communication And Cultural Differences967 Words   |  4 PagesWhen people think of business, rarely do we associate culture with the concept. This leads to an issue in cross-cultural communication. By analyzing cross-cultural communication, and its miscommunication in cultural differences, it is clear that employees should know more of a country’s defining culture. Only recently have we seen an emphasis in understanding other country’s cultures. In doing so, some businesses have prospered, while others have suffered after a terrible miscommunication. When dealingRead MoreOvercoming Cross Cultural Differences Of Communication1595 Words   |  7 PagesOvercoming cross cultural differences in communication at Tearroir Ã¥ â€¢Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ë† Ã§ º ¿Ã¯ ¼Å'ç‹ ¬Ã¦Å" ¨Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ë† Ã¦Å¾â€" A single thread cannot become a cord, and a single tree does not make a forest. This Cheng Yu is about cooperation and being part of a larger whole. Its roots stem from Confucian beliefs of organized society through togetherness. This is in stark contrast to the emphasis placed on individualism in some Western countries. Introducton Tearroir is a global tea brand that sources premium loose leaf tea from 7 countries.Read MoreCultural Differences And The Impact On The Communication Process1322 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Differences and The Impact On The Communication Process Alberts, Martin and Nakayama (2011) describe communication as â€Å" a transactional process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in in specific contexts, influenced by individual and societal forces and embedded in culture.†(p.7) They then go on to state that intercultural communication â€Å"occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different.†(p.122) Cultural differences thusRead More Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthe exchange is verbal. The larger part of the message is made up of body language or movements, known as nonverbal communication. The reason for people using nonverbal communication is to enhance the message they are sending to the receiver. One way nonverbal communication differs is through cultural differences. Cultural differences have a significant impact on nonverbal communication as cultures differ greatly in their nonverbal interpretat ions and responses. Firstly, this essay will prove howRead MoreEssay on Nonverbal Communication and Cultural Differences1649 Words   |  7 PagesNonverbal communication has always played an important role in the entire communication process. It may include gestures, kinesics, haptics and other means, which a person incorporates into the communication process. These acts make the communication process more effective and meaningful. However, nonverbal communication is highly influenced by cultural differences as the context of the culture defines how the message is interpreted. This essay will analyse several types of nonverbal communication suchRead MoreUnderstanding The Cultural Difference Of Business Communication1444 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness frequently fails to keep up the importance of cultural understating in the business itself. Further, it is often leads to the lack of understanding and decreasing of performance to achieve its goals. In this essay, the writer will describe the importance of understanding the cultural difference in business communication. Further, the writer also emphasizes on the three major issues that is commonly forgotten, such as Cross cultural communication issues, workplace etiquette issues, and organizationalRead MoreCross Cultural Differences Nonverbal Communication Essay919 Words   |  4 Pages Gestures provide one of the most obvious cases of cross-cultural differences in nonverbal communication. In South Italy gesture use is prominent and many gestures are conventional. These include ‘pragmatic’ gestures that indicate type of speech act or aspects of discourse structure and ‘substantive’ gestures that express utterance content (Kendon, n.d.). The examples of conventional ‘pragmatic’ gestures are the Mano a borsa(‘purse hand’) and the Mani giunte (‘praying hands’) are well known andRead MoreCultural Differences and Intercultural Communication Challe nges1780 Words   |  8 PagesWhen examining my own cultural identity it has occurred to me that many of the things that define my own cultural identity are that of Majority groups, however it would seem that I have just as many if not more Minority group identity factors shaping me ever so slightly within the majority boundaries. For example at first look I am a Married male with a predominantly Anglo-Saxon heritage. However upon close inspection one can begin to notice the red hues within my complexion these are subtle hintsRead MoreA Brief Note On Cross Cultural Communication And Understanding Cultural Differences1625 Words   |  7 Pages Cross-Culture Communication Competence in Global Business Celeste Aisien Lo COMS 2331 Dr. Richard Bello April 29th 2015â€Æ' Competence in cross-cultural communication and understanding cultural differences is becoming more crucial in today’s society. Technology is advancing in a rapid pace and is allowing more opportunities in migration therefore existing countries has never had so much to do with each other until today. As a result of becoming inter-connected, global business is progressingRead MoreCultural Differences That Inhibit Effective Intercultural Communication879 Words   |  4 Pagesshrinking borders of the international business landscape demand keen interpretation of the unique cultural expectations of organizational partners. Guffey Loewy (2015) note that there are five distinct dimensions of cultural difference that inhibit effective intercultural communication. Barron (2013) states that it is imperative for North American organizations in particular to actively increase the cultural awareness of employees conducting international business. International negotiators can improve

Customer Benefit Package & Example @Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theOperations Management for Customer Benefits Packages and Value Chains. Answer: Introduction The reported paper has been developed to understand the contrast features of operations management in two different organisations. Herein, two organisations have been identified to complete a case study analysis on primary Customer Benefits Package (CBP) and Value Chain designs based on the managements as well as customers viewpoint. One of the identified organisations is Apple Inc that deals in physical, electronic products (Campbell, 2008). On the other hand, JP Morgan Chase has been considered as the other corporation that provides a comprehensive range of investment banking solutions and asset management services to the massive client base. The support operations of JP Morgan Chase have offered philanthropic initiatives to the clients so that they can promote financially viable growth. Understandably, both the organisations have figured out distinct Customer Benefits Package according to the suitability of operations management. Being an electronic product manufacturing firm, Apple Inc has identified a substantial primary CBP to meet the demand of the target demographics all over the world market. Contradictorily, JP Morgan Chase has recognised its CBP and Value Chain design to deliver integrated financial services to the clients. Being one of the market-leading pecuniary services, JP Morgan Chase has boosted SMEs financial development providing management services and banking solutions (Ahmad, Hussain, Rajput, 2015). Comparison and Contrast of a Primary CBP of Apple Inc and JP Morgan Chase In the contrasting discussion scenario of a primary CBP of Apple Inc and JP Morgan Chase, substantial understanding of the business functions of both the organisations must be identified. The real story behind Apple Incs success has relied on companys obligation to innovating and integrating electronic product manufacturing. Being one of the most popular hardware and software manufacturing brand in the global market, the organisation has always uniquely positioned in the competitive market with products such as the iPad, Macs, iPod, iPhone, and Apple Watch. Since the beginning of the era of twenty-first century, the organisation has developed a plethora of electronic products that have found no replaceable electronic gadgets. Most importantly, the market segmentation of the organisation has identified customers belong to high-class society (McIvor, Humphreys, McKittrick, Wall, 2009). The innovative and uniqueness of the Apple products have managed to impress more than 50 million glo bal customers. Product pricing has not been an issue for the company as the products are unique to the target demographics. The primary CBP of Apple Inc has been much more technology oriented. Primarily, the organisation has set trends to the customers. Meanwhile, the innovation has contributed to manufacturing such products that have produced to impress the customers. In services, the organisation has offered clinical, technical assistance providing the latest software upgrade to keep the trend moving forward (Madhani, 2014). On the other hand, primary CBP of JP Morgan Chase has vividly distinct from that of Apple Inc. Being one of the leading financial services of the global market, JP Morgan Chase Co has developed significant initiatives as a part of primary Customer Benefits Package. In contrasting to the CBP of Apple Inc, JP Morgan Chases CBP has been designed to provide customer support in investment banking and corporate asset management services (Hatzakis, Nair, Pinedo, 2010). The ability to deliver meaningful banking solution and corporate management to the SMEs, multinational organisations, government firms has been the primary strength in primary Customer Benefits Package (Hitt, 2016). The customers have appreciated the organisational executives and employee engagement to the strategic decision-making of the client's business growth. In this way, shared commitment to the clients has been offered to the SMEs and other corporate clients to become financially secure. The JP Morgan Group and its F oundation have significantly committed to the business customers so that they can utilise their resources for economic growth (Mihiotis Konidaris, 2007). Comparison and Contrast of Value Chain design and Organisational Structure In order to discuss the value chain design of both the organisations, some of the key points must be taken into consideration to show the distinct differences. The Value Chain design of Apple Inc has concentrated on outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and quality customer services (Imami, Vuksani, Gruda, 2013). Through the identification of current market trends, Apple Inc has tactically utilised its direct and indirect logistic channels to conduct the net sales. According to the inventory data, 28% sales have been concluded through direct sales whereas 72% has been done through indirect sales in 2014-15 fiscal years (Cheng, Rehman, Seneviratne, Zhang, 2015). Apart from that, public relation programmes, promotional events and significant advertising concepts have been applied to improve the productivity of value chain. Furthermore, the value chain design of Apple Inc incorporates exceptional customer services so that the target demographics can be convinced during sales (Gubma n, 2015). The technical-savvy executives have got each and every answer to demonstrate the functionality and capabilities of Apple manufactured devices (Rogers, Stone, Foss, 2008). On the other hand, JP Morgan Chase and Co has laid a solid foundation for developing sustainable value chain design to stay ahead in the competitive financial services industry. The reputation of previous 200 years has been effectively utilised to provide banking and money-management solutions (Safizadeh, Field, Ritzman, 2013). Through the identification of a definite market, the organisation has promoted external growth strategic model that involves acquisition tactics to complete the service activities such as asset management, security services and commercial banking solutions (Dess, 2012). Significant research and analysis of market have been the key term to operations management of JP Morgan. In value chain model, the organisation has included Eclipse tool to determine and deliver the most effective banking applications to the business customers. The organisation has delivered attractive low-cost solutions and satisfactory market advice to secure the financial positions of the clients (Swink, 2011). To identify the differences in organisational structure, a critical analysis of the same has been done. Apple Incs organisation framework has been effectively monitored through the dedication of the employees and research and development teams performance. Primarily, the contribution of Steve Jobs could not be ignored in this regard. Jobs had created a unique organisational culture within the business environment to become the leader of electronic hardware industry providing technologically sound products (Elliot, 2012). Contradictorily, JP Morgans management team, financial analysts team and marketing executive team have held the key to the business success (Davis Browning, 2011). Advantages and Disadvantages of Value Chain Design of Both the Organisations Both the value chain design model has been significantly crucial for the business perspective of the two identified firms. First of all, Apple Incs value chain designs advantages and disadvantages can be presented to show the worth of the same. Meanwhile, Apple Incs value chain model has increased the sales of the organisation to prove its success. The outbound logistics of the value chain design has confirmed that the sales figure will be higher in every fiscal year (Cheng, Rehman, Seneviratne, Zhang, 2015). Significantly, the marketing communication strategy has promoted the sales networks to ensure a high volume of sales through different distribution channels. As far as disadvantages are concerned, Apple Incs value chain model is so much costly in compared to other electronic product manufacturing firms (Tang Saili, 2012). On this note, JP Morgan Chase Cos value chain design has helped the organisation to stay ahead of the principle business competitors such as Bank of America, HSBC, CITI Bank and BNP Paribas. The value chain model of the financial services has provided significant management strength to dominate the investment banking, private banking, retail banking and commercial banking sectors in the different market. Furthermore, the value chain design of the business of JP Morgan has ensured lower costs and efficient services to hold the leading position in financial services sector (David, 2013). Identified Operational Strategy, Strategic Vision and Competitive Priorities Latest operational strategy and competitive priorities have always helped a business corporation to make significant growth in any given market. Under the existing market scenario, Apple Incs RD team must take the responsibility to keep the innovation trend moving for successful business operations (Phillips, 2010). The strategic vision of Apple should be concentrated on latest electronic gadgets that no one has been manufactured till date. Along with that, retain the Apple savvy customers around the globe will be the competitive priority of the electronic product manufacturing firm (Nonala Kenney, 2011). On the other side of the flip, JP Morgan Chase Co must identify latest financial scopes and models to upgrade OneBench and Eclipse financial tools to offer latest banking solutions and management commitments to their loyal customers. Lowering the services cost and effective financial position of the firm will be the primary objectives for JP Morgan Chase. Understandably, to gain s ignificant competitive advantage in financial services industry, the organisational management must concentrate on free resources for latest projects and efficient services terms to be followed. Conclusion Both Apple Inc and JP Morgan Chase Co have developed strategic operations management according to the requirement of its massive customer base. Through the identification of current market trend in the global electronic industry, Apple Inc has figured out the perfect value chain design and organisational structure to rule the market. By manufacturing latest innovative hardware and software using modern technology, Apple Inc has featured the most astonishing products to the particular target demographics in the global arena. Being an efficient electronic goods manufacturing corporation, Apples innovation concepts have been identified as the best strategic approach to set up competitive advantage. Product uniqueness and rarity have certainly helped the organisation to meet the expectations of the target demographics. On the other hand, quality management support and superlative employee engagement of JP Morgan Chase Co have contributed to the operations management success. The organisation has perfectly identified the competitive priorities in the business arena to support the strategic vision of the corporation to become the market-leading financial and banking services supporting the business growth of the massive client base globally. In this way, both the organisation has determined sustainable advantages through their value chain designs. References Ahmad, J., Hussain, M., Rajput, A. (2015). Customer Loyalty Framework of Telecommunication Service Market.IJMVSC,6(1), 69-78. https://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijmvsc.2015.6106 Campbell, A. (2008). Cooperation in international value chains: comparing an exporters supplier versus customer relationships.Jnl Of Bus Indus Marketing,13(1), 22-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858629810206197 Cheng, K., Rehman, S., Seneviratne, D., Zhang, S. (2015). Reaping the Benefits from Global Value Chains.IMF Working Papers,15(204), 1. https://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513516738.001 David, F. (2013).Strategic management concepts and cases. Boston: Pearson. Davis Browning, L. (2011). Organisational Narratives and Organisational Structure.Journal Of Orgchange Mgmt,4(3), 59-67. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000001199 Dess, G. (2012).Strategic management. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Elliot, J. (2012).Leading Apple with Steve Jobs. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Gubman, E. (2015). Aligning People Strategies with Customer Value.Compensation Benefits Review,27(1), 15-22. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088636879502700103 Hatzakis, E., Nair, S., Pinedo, M. (2010). Operations in Financial Services-An Overview.Production And Operations Management,19(6), 633-664. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2010.01163.x Hitt, M. (2016).Strategic management. New york: Cengage learning. Imami, D., Vuksani, G., Gruda, N. (2013). Analysis of the Apple Value Chain in Albania.Gesunde Pflanzen,65(2), 65-71. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10343-013-0299-0 Madhani, P. (2014). Compensation, Ethical Sales Behavior and Customer Lifetime Value.Compensation Benefits Review,46(4), 204-218. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368714560286 McIvor, R., Humphreys, P., McKittrick, A., Wall, T. (2009). Performance management and the outsourcing process.Int Jrnl Of Op Prod Mnagemnt,29(10), 1025-1048. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570910993474 Mihiotis, A. Konidaris, N. (2007). Internal auditing: an essential tool for adding value and improving the operations of financial institutions and organisations.International Journal Of Financial Services Management,2(1/2), 75. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijfsm.2007.011673 Nonala, I. Kenney, M. (2011). Towards a new theory of innovation management: A case study comparing Canon, Inc. and Apple Computer, Inc.Journal Of Engineering And Technology Management,8(1), 67-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-4748(91)90005-c Phillips, L. (2010). Organisational structure and decision technology.Acta Psychologica,45(1-3), 247-264. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(80)90036-0 Rogers, B., Stone, M., Foss, B. (2008). Integrating the value of salespeople and systems: Adapting the benefits dependency network.Journal Of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management,15(4), 221-232. https://dx.doi.org/10.1057/dbm.2008.19 Safizadeh, M., Field, J., Ritzman, L. (2013). An empirical analysis of financial services processes with a front-office or back-office orientation.Journal Of Operations Management,21(5), 557-576. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2003.03.001 Swink, M. (2011).Managing operations across the supply chain. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Tang Saili,. (2012). The effects of loyalty programs on customer loyalty: The mediating role of customer value and the moderating role of relationship benefits.African Journal Of Business Management,6(11). https://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.2813